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\u5f15\u8a00<\/p>\n

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1931\u5e74\uff0c\u6768\u674f\u4f5b\u8d74\u6c5f\u897f\u82cf\u533a\u8fdb\u884c\u5b9e\u5730\u8003\u5bdf\uff0c\u968f\u540e\u4e8e7\u670819\u65e5\u4ee5\u82f1\u6587\u5728\u4e0a\u6d77\u300a\u5b57\u6797\u897f\u62a5\u300b\u4e0a\u53d1\u8868\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u73b0\u51b5\u300b\uff08The Communist Situation in China\uff09\u4e00\u6587[7]221<\/sup>\u3002\u8fd9\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u7684\u53d1\u8868\u5730\u70b9\u2014\u4e0a\u6d77\u7684\u82f1\u6587\u62a5\u7eb8\u2014\u548c\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u2014\u82f1\u6587\uff0c\u672c\u8eab\u5c31\u8bf4\u660e\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u4e8b\u5b9e\uff1a\u5b83\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u53d7\u4f17\u4e0d\u4ec5\u662f\u56fd\u5185\u8bfb\u8005\uff0c\u66f4\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\u56fd\u9645\u793e\u4f1a\u3002\u5728\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u56fd\u9645\u8206\u8bba\u73af\u5883\u4e0b\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u4ee5\u82f1\u6587\u5411\u4e16\u754c\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e2d\u56fd\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u548c\u7ea2\u519b\u7684\u771f\u5b9e\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u8fd9\u672c\u8eab\u5c31\u6784\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u884c\u52a8\u3002<\/p>\n

\uff08\u4e8c\uff09\u6768\u674f\u4f5b\u8bc4\u4ef7\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u8bed\u5883<\/p>\n

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\uff08\u4e09\uff09\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f1931\u5e74<\/p>\n

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 <\/p>\n

\u4e8c\u30011931\u5e74\uff1a\u771f\u5b9e\u7684\u8944\u67a3\u5b9c<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

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\u7a81\u56f4\u6210\u529f\u4e86\uff0c\u4f46\u4ee3\u4ef7\u662f\u6c89\u7538\u7538\u7684\u2014\u7fdf\u90a6\u624d\u3001\u6768\u6c38\u5d07\u7b4920\u4f59\u540d\u6218\u58eb\u7684\u751f\u547d\u6c38\u8fdc\u5b9a\u683c\u5728\u4e86\u90a3\u4e2a\u8840\u8272\u7684\u9ece\u660e\uff0c\u9648\u767b\u4efb\u3001\u5c24\u7115\u67f1\u7b4940\u4f59\u540d\u6218\u58eb\u5e26\u7740\u6b8b\u8eaf\u7ee7\u7eed\u524d\u884c\u3002\u66f4\u4ee4\u4eba\u5fc3\u788e\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u675c\u8fdb\u5fb7\u89c1\u56f4\u653b\u4e0d\u6210\uff0c\u7adf\u4e0b\u4ee4\u711a\u70e7\u7fdf\u5bb6\u53e4\u57ce\uff0c\u8fde\u571f\u8c6a\u52a3\u7ec5\u7fdf\u7956\u714c\u7684\u623f\u5b50\u4e5f\u672a\u653e\u8fc7\u3002\u8fd9\u628a\u706b\uff0c\u70e7\u6389\u7684\u4e0d\u4ec5\u662f\u7816\u6728\uff0c\u66f4\u662f\u65e7\u79e9\u5e8f\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u70b9\u4f2a\u5584\u7684\u9762\u7eb1\u3002\u5b83\u5411\u6240\u6709\u89c2\u671b\u8005\u662d\u793a\uff1a\u9769\u547d\u4e0e\u53cd\u9769\u547d\u7684\u6597\u4e89\uff0c\u5df2\u7ecf\u5230\u4e86\u4f60\u6b7b\u6211\u6d3b\u3001\u4e0d\u5171\u6234\u5929\u7684\u767d\u70ed\u5316\u7a0b\u5ea6\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4f46\u654c\u4eba\u7684\u5077\u88ad\u6ca1\u80fd\u6321\u4f4f\u5357\u5f81\u7684\u6b65\u4f10\u2014\u2014\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u53e5\u591a\u4e48\u63b7\u5730\u6709\u58f0\u7684\u5ba3\u8a00\uff016\u670828\u65e5\u7684\u6574\u7f16\u4e0e\u5357\u4e0b\uff0c\u5df2\u4e0d\u518d\u662f\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u519b\u4e8b\u8f6c\u79fb\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\u4e0a\u7684\u5ba3\u793a\uff1a\u9769\u547d\u7684\u4e8b\u4e1a\u4e0d\u4f1a\u56e0\u4e3a\u727a\u7272\u800c\u505c\u6b47\uff0c\u53cd\u800c\u4f1a\u5728\u8840\u6cca\u4e2d\u83b7\u5f97\u66f4\u4e3a\u521a\u70c8\u7684\u610f\u5fd7\u3002\u5f53\u90e8\u961f\u76f4\u9a71\u5b9c\u57ce\u5357\u8425\u65f6\uff0c\u8944\u5357\u4e8c\u533a\u548c\u5b9c\u4e1c\u4e00\u533a\u7684\u76ee\u5149\u540c\u65f6\u805a\u7126\u8fc7\u6765\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u6e34\u671b\u501f\u7ea2\u4e5d\u519b\u7684\u529b\u91cf\u62ff\u4e0b\u677f\u6865\u5e97\u2014\u2014\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5730\u7406\u4e0a\u7684”\u7ed3\u8282”\uff0c\u4e00\u65e6\u6253\u901a\uff0c\u4fbf\u5c06\u8944\u5357\u4e0e\u5b9c\u4e1c\u8fde\u6210\u4e00\u7247\u7ea2\u533a\u3002\u677f\u6865\u5e97\u56e2\u9632\u5c40\u4ec5\u6709\u5341\u4e8c\u4e2a\u56e2\u4e01\u3001\u5341\u4e09\u652f\u67aa\uff0c\u529b\u91cf\u8584\u5f31\u5f97\u5982\u540c\u7eb8\u7cca\u7684\u706f\u7b3c\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u5c31\u662f\u8fd9\u5c42\u8584\u7eb8\uff0c\u5374\u56e0\u4e24\u4e2a\u533a\u8d64\u536b\u961f\u529b\u91cf\u7684\u4e0d\u8db3\u800c\u6210\u4e3a\u6a2a\u4e98\u5728\u82cf\u533a\u8fde\u7247\u68a6\u60f3\u524d\u7684”\u7eca\u811a\u77f3”\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5386\u53f2\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u5c55\u73b0\u4e86\u5b83\u620f\u5267\u6027\u7684\u4e00\u9762\u2014\u2014\u6c11\u56e2\u56e2\u957f\u5916\u51fa\u559d\u9152\u53bb\u4e86\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7ec6\u8282\u5982\u6b64\u751f\u52a8\uff0c\u5982\u6b64\u5145\u6ee1\u8bbd\u523a\u610f\u5473\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u56e2\u957f\u7684\u8d2a\u676f\uff0c\u7adf\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u65e7\u636e\u70b9\u7684\u5d29\u584c\u521b\u9020\u4e86\u7edd\u4f73\u6761\u4ef6\u3002\u5b9c\u4e1c\u4e00\u533a\u533a\u59d4\u4e66\u8bb0\u718a\u8fbe\u6b66\u5b89\u6392\u5185\u7ebf\uff0c\u51b3\u5b9a\u91cc\u5e94\u5916\u5408\u2014\u2014\u9769\u547d\u8005\u4ece\u4e0d\u653e\u8fc7\u4efb\u4f55\u673a\u4f1a\uff0c\u54ea\u6015\u8fd9\u4e2a\u673a\u4f1a\u6e90\u4e8e\u654c\u4eba\u7684\u61c8\u6020\u4e0e\u5815\u843d\u3002<\/p>\n

1930\u5e747\u670829\u65e5\uff0c\u677f\u6865\u5e97\u6218\u6597\u6253\u54cd\u3002\u8fd9\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u573a\u52bf\u5747\u529b\u654c\u7684\u8f83\u91cf\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4e00\u573a\u5145\u6ee1\u667a\u6167\u4e0e\u52c7\u6c14\u7684”\u6458\u9664\u624b\u672f”\u3002\u718a\u8fbe\u6b66\u3001\u5468\u4ecb\u6e05\u5e26\u988630\u591a\u540d\u8d64\u536b\u961f\u548c\u51e0\u767e\u540d\u7fa4\u4f17\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a”\u7fa4\u4f17”\u4e8c\u5b57\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u2014\u2014\u5b83\u6807\u5fd7\u7740\u9769\u547d\u6218\u4e89\u5df2\u4e0d\u518d\u662f\u519b\u961f\u7684\u72ec\u89d2\u620f\uff0c\u800c\u5f00\u59cb\u6210\u4e3a\u4eba\u6c11\u7684\u96c6\u4f53\u884c\u52a8\u3002\u5728\u56e2\u9632\u5c40\u4f5c\u5185\u5e94\u7684\u674e\u7acb\u4ec1\u6253\u6b7b\u7ad9\u5c97\u56e2\u4e01\uff0c\u5927\u558a”\u7ea2\u4e5d\u519b\u6253\u8fc7\u6765\u4e86\uff0c\u5feb\u8dd1\u5440\uff01”\u2014\u2014\u5fc3\u7406\u6218\u7684\u6548\u679c\u5982\u6b64\u663e\u8457\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u56e2\u4e01\u7eb7\u7eb7\u9003\u547d\u3002\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u57ce\u5899\u4e0a\u6709\u51e0\u4e2a\u56e2\u4e01\u4e0d\u77e5\u60c5\u800c\u4e3e\u67aa\u5c04\u51fb\uff0c\u8c22\u8000\u6b66\u547d\u4ee4\u673a\u67aa\u8fde\u63a9\u62a4\uff0c\u8ba9\u4e03\u5341\u4e03\u56e2\u51b2\u8fdb\u53bb\u2014\u2014\u9769\u547d\u519b\u961f\u7684\u7eaa\u5f8b\u6027\u4e0e\u534f\u8c03\u6027\uff0c\u4e0e\u56e2\u4e01\u4eec\u7684\u60ca\u60f6\u5931\u63aa\u5f62\u6210\u9c9c\u660e\u5bf9\u6bd4\u3002\u4e0d\u5230\u4e00\u5c0f\u65f6\uff0c\u6218\u6597\u7ed3\u675f\uff0c\u7f34\u67aa\u5341\u4e8c\u652f\uff0c\u56e2\u603b\u6f5c\u7ff0\u537f\u3001\u961f\u957f\u8042\u77f3\u58c1\u88ab\u6d3b\u6349\u3002\u677f\u6865\u5e97\u8857\u4e0a\u7684\u571f\u8c6a\u88ab\u6284\u5bb6\uff0c\u7cae\u98df\u94f6\u5143\u5206\u7ed9\u7a77\u82e6\u767e\u59d3\u2014\u2014\u8fd9\u4e00”\u6253\u571f\u8c6a\u3001\u5206\u6d6e\u8d22”\u7684\u884c\u52a8\uff0c\u5728\u519b\u4e8b\u80dc\u5229\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u5b8c\u6210\u4e86\u653f\u6cbb\u4e0a\u7684\u6c11\u5fc3\u6536\u5272\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u7136\u800c\u4f59\u76ca\u5eb5\u7684\u8ba1\u7b56\u582a\u79f0\u795e\u6765\u4e4b\u7b14\uff1a\u5229\u7528\u738b\u7532\u672c\u7684\u91cd\u6b66\u5668\u6765\u653b\u7f50\u5c71\u3002\u8fd9\u4e0d\u4ec5\u662f\u519b\u4e8b\u4e0a\u7684\u501f\u5200\u6740\u4eba\uff0c\u66f4\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u653f\u6cbb\u4e0a\u7684”\u77db\u76fe\u8f6c\u79fb”\u2014\u2014\u8ba9\u5c0f\u80a1\u90e8\u961f\u4f6f\u88c5\u5931\u8d25\uff0c\u5f15\u8bf1\u738b\u7532\u672c\u8ffd\u81f3\u7f50\u5c71\u811a\u4e0b\uff1b\u571f\u532a\u5f20\u8001\u516b\u503e\u5de2\u51fa\u52a8\uff0c\u62fc\u547d\u5411\u5c71\u4e0b\u5f00\u67aa\uff1b\u738b\u7532\u672c\u8bef\u4ee5\u4e3a\u5c71\u4e0a\u9a7b\u6709\u7ea2\u519b\uff0c\u67b6\u8d77\u5c0f\u94a2\u70ae\u731b\u70c8\u8f70\u51fb\u3002\u5f53\u571f\u532a\u7684\u5de5\u4e8b\u571f\u5d29\u74e6\u89e3\uff0c\u4eba\u4ef0\u9a6c\u7ffb\u4e4b\u65f6\uff0c\u4f59\u76ca\u5eb5\u8ba9\u4e03\u5341\u516d\u56e2\u548c\u624b\u67aa\u961f\u4e00\u4e3e\u7f34\u83b7\u4e86\u5c71\u811a\u4e0b\u7684\u5c0f\u94a2\u70ae\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u80cc\u540e\uff0c\u662f\u5bf9\u654c\u4eba\u5fc3\u7406\u7684\u7cbe\u51c6\u628a\u63e1\uff0c\u662f\u5bf9\u6218\u573a\u6001\u52bf\u7684\u7075\u6d3b\u8fd0\u7528\uff0c\u66f4\u662f\u9769\u547d\u667a\u6167\u5728\u6781\u7aef\u56f0\u5883\u4e0b\u7684\u7480\u74a8\u7efd\u653e\u3002<\/p>\n

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1931\u5e743\u670825\u65e5\u7684\u5f6d\u5bb6\u51b2\u906d\u9047\u6218\uff0c\u662f\u8fd9\u4e00\u5e74\u60b2\u58ee\u8272\u8c03\u7684\u6d53\u91cd\u4e00\u7b14\u3002\u654c\u4eba\u56db\u5341\u516b\u5e08\u62a2\u5148\u5360\u9886\u5c71\u5934\uff0c\u673a\u67aa\u731b\u70c8\u5c04\u51fb\uff0c\u6211\u519b\u4e24\u6b21\u51b2\u950b\u5747\u88ab\u538b\u9000\u3002\u5c71\u811a\u4e0b\uff0c\u5e08\u957f\u8d75\u8398\u4ec1\u7387\u9886\u6218\u58eb\u53d1\u8d77\u7b2c\u4e09\u6b21\u51b2\u950b\u2014\u2014\u8fd9\u4f4d\u521a\u4e0a\u4efb\u4e0d\u5230\u56db\u5341\u5929\u7684\u5e08\u957f\uff0c\u5728\u654c\u4eba\u7684\u70ae\u5f39\u4e0b\u8840\u8089\u6a21\u7cca\uff0c\u5f53\u573a\u727a\u7272\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e08\u957f\u7684\u5012\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u662f\u519b\u4e8b\u6307\u6325\u4e0a\u7684\u635f\u5931\uff0c\u66f4\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u7cbe\u795e\u4e0a\u7684\u91cd\u521b\u3002\u7a0b\u514b\u7ef3\u63a5\u66ff\u6307\u6325\uff0c\u7387\u90e8\u82f1\u52c7\u594b\u6218\uff0c\u6e21\u8fc7\u8944\u6cb3\uff0c\u6765\u5230\u6731\u5bb6\u5634\u6cf0\u5c71\u5e99\u4f11\u6574\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5f53\u6768\u674f\u4f5b\u5199\u4e0b”\u5168\u56fd\u7b2c\u4e09”\u7684\u8bba\u65ad\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u770b\u5230\u7684\u53ea\u662f\u7ed3\u679c\u7684\u8f89\u714c\uff0c\u800c\u672a\u80fd\u5b8c\u5168\u4f53\u5bdf\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u60b2\u58ee\u30021931\u5e74\u7684\u8944\u67a3\u5b9c\u6839\u636e\u5730\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u6b21\u6269\u5f20\u3001\u6bcf\u4e00\u70b9\u8fdb\u6b65\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u7528\u9c9c\u8840\u6d47\u704c\u7684\uff0c\u7528\u727a\u7272\u94fa\u5c31\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u6b63\u662f\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u60b2\u58ee\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e00\u79cd\u72ec\u7279\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u8fa9\u8bc1\u6cd5\u5f97\u4ee5\u663e\u73b0\uff1a\u6bcf\u4e00\u6b21\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u727a\u7272\uff0c\u90fd\u5b55\u80b2\u7740\u66f4\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u529b\u91cf\uff1b\u6bcf\u4e00\u6b21\u60e8\u75db\u7684\u5931\u8d25\uff0c\u90fd\u4e3a\u66f4\u8f89\u714c\u7684\u80dc\u5229\u5960\u5b9a\u57fa\u7840\u3002\u7fdf\u5bb6\u53e4\u57ce\u7684\u7a81\u56f4\u867d\u7136\u4ed8\u51fa\u4e86\u6c89\u91cd\u4ee3\u4ef7\uff0c\u4f46\u6362\u6765\u4e86\u90e8\u961f\u7684\u4fdd\u5168\u4e0e\u5357\u5f81\u7684\u7ee7\u7eed\uff1b\u5f6d\u5bb6\u51b2\u7684\u5931\u8d25\u867d\u7136\u5931\u53bb\u4e86\u8d75\u8398\u4ec1\u5e08\u957f\uff0c\u4f46\u7ea2\u4e8c\u5341\u516d\u5e08\u7684\u5efa\u5236\u4e0d\u4ec5\u6ca1\u6709\u5d29\u6e83\uff0c\u53cd\u800c\u5728\u6b64\u540e\u7684\u6574\u7f16\u4e2d\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u65b0\u751f\uff1b\u623f\u53bf\u53bf\u57ce\u867d\u7136\u4e00\u5ea6\u5931\u9677\uff0c\u4f46\u7ea2\u4e8c\u5341\u4e94\u5e08\u7684\u56de\u63f4\u4e0d\u4ec5\u6536\u590d\u4e86\u5931\u5730\uff0c\u66f4\u589e\u5f3a\u4e86\u6839\u636e\u5730\u519b\u6c11\u4fdd\u536b\u7ea2\u8272\u533a\u57df\u7684\u51b3\u5fc3\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u800c\u8fd9\uff0c\u6216\u8bb8\u5c31\u662f”\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f1931\u5e74”\u7684\u6700\u7ec8\u7b54\u6848\uff1a\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u5e74\uff0c\u8944\u67a3\u5b9c\u7684\u9769\u547d\u8005\u5b8c\u6210\u4e86\u4ece”\u6253\u6c5f\u5c71”\u5230”\u5750\u6c5f\u5c71”\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u8de8\u8d8a\u4e0e\u5b9e\u8df5\u8f6c\u6362\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7528\u60b2\u58ee\u8bc1\u660e\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u771f\u7406\uff1a1931\u5e74\u624d\u662f\u8d28\u7684\u98de\u8dc3\uff1a\u8d75\u8398\u4ec1\u7b49\u4e2d\u592e\u5e72\u90e8\u5230\u6765\u3001\u7ea2\u4e8c\u5341\u516d\u5e08\u91cd\u5efa\u30012700\u5e73\u65b9\u516c\u91cc\u82cf\u533a\u8fde\u6210\u4e00\u7247\u300122\u53bf\u515a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7f51\u7edc\u5f62\u6210\u3001\u515a\u653f\u519b\u7fa4\u56db\u4f4d\u4e00\u4f53\u683c\u5c40\u786e\u7acb\uff0c\u9102\u5317\u4ece\u201c\u6e38\u51fb\u533a\u201d\u6b63\u5f0f\u53d8\u6210\u4e86\u201c\u6839\u636e\u5730\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u4e09\u3001\u8944\u67a3\u5b9c\u6839\u636e\u5730\u201c\u6392\u540d\u7b2c\u4e09\u201d\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u63a8\u6f14<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

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\uff08\u4e00\uff09\u6807\u51c6\u4e4b\u4e00\uff1a\u89c4\u6a21\u5c3a\u5ea6\u2014\u9762\u79ef\u4e0e\u4eba\u53e3<\/p>\n

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\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u8944\u67a3\u5b9c\u6839\u636e\u5730\u8fd8\u9010\u6b65\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u76f8\u5bf9\u5b8c\u5584\u7684\u82cf\u7ef4\u57c3\u653f\u6743\u4f53\u7cfb\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u548c\u670d\u52a1\u8bbe\u65bd\u3002<\/p>\n

\u9996\u5148\u662f\u76f8\u5bf9\u5b8c\u5584\u7684\u82cf\u7ef4\u57c3\u653f\u6743\u4f53\u7cfb\u3002\u52301930\u5e74\u5e95\uff0c\u9102\u8c6b\u8fb9\u9769\u547d\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u4e0b\u8f96\u67a3\u9633\u3001\u8944\u9633\u4e24\u4e2a\u53bf\u82cf\u7ef4\u57c3\uff0c12\u4e2a\u533a\u82cf\u7ef4\u57c3\uff0c97\u4e2a\u4e61\u82cf\u7ef4\u57c3\u3002\u4ec5\u67a3\u9633\u53bf\u82cf\u7ef4\u57c3\u673a\u5173\u4ece\u6eda\u6cb3\u5cb8\u8fb9\u7684\u5357\u7985\u5eb5\u8fc1\u5230\u90b5\u6c9f\u5e99\uff0c\u4e0b\u8f967\u4e2a\u533a\u82cf\u300141\u4e2a\u4e61\u82cf\u3002\u4ece\u653f\u6743\u4f53\u7cfb\u4e0a\u8bb2\uff0c\u5176\u5de5\u4f5c\u8def\u7ebf\u6781\u4e3a\u7f1c\u5bc6\uff1a\u5148\u7531\u533a\u59d4\u6d3e\u96c7\u519c\u540c\u5fd7\u5230\u53bf\u57ce\u9644\u8fd1\u79d8\u5bc6\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u518d\u6d3e\u53bf\u59d4\u4eba\u5458\u5efa\u7acb\u7279\u652f\uff1b\u6986\u6811\u5c97\u4ee5\u5317\u3001\u9e2d\u513f\u5c71\u5212\u4e3a\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7279\u652f\uff0c\u5341\u516b\u91cc\u6cb3\u3001\u8349\u5e97\u5212\u4e3a\u7b2c\u4e09\u7279\u652f\uff0c\u5434\u5bb6\u5e97\u4ee5\u4e1c\u3001\u8d44\u5c71\u5212\u4e3a\u7b2c\u4e00\u7279\u652f\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u201c\u652f\u90e8\u5efa\u5728\u6751\u91cc\u201d\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\uff0c\u8ba9\u82cf\u7ef4\u57c3\u653f\u6743\u6709\u4e86\u6700\u654f\u9510\u7684\u201c\u795e\u7ecf\u672b\u68a2\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u8fd9\u79cd\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u5728\u4e8e\uff1a\u5b83\u5c06\u4e2a\u4f53\u4fe1\u4ef0\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u96c6\u4f53\u884c\u52a8\uff0c\u5c06\u653f\u6cbb\u8ba4\u540c\u5d4c\u5165\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\u3002\u5987\u5973\u505a\u519b\u978b\u3001\u513f\u7ae5\u7ad9\u5c97\u653e\u54e8\u3001\u8d64\u536b\u961f\u914d\u5408\u7ea2\u519b\u4f5c\u6218\uff0c\u5f53\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u793e\u4f1a\u7fa4\u4f53\u90fd\u80fd\u5728\u82cf\u7ef4\u57c3\u4f53\u7cfb\u4e2d\u627e\u5230\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3001\u53d1\u6325\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u4fe1\u4ef0\u5c31\u4ece\u62bd\u8c61\u7406\u5ff5\u6c89\u6dc0\u4e3a\u8eab\u4f53\u8bb0\u5fc6\u3002<\/p>\n

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\uff08\u4e8c\uff09\u6807\u51c6\u4e4b\u4e8c\uff1a\u6b66\u88c5\u529b\u91cf\u2014\u6b63\u89c4\u7ea2\u519b\u7684\u5f62\u6210\u4e0e\u6218\u6597\u529b<\/p>\n

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\u4e0e\u6b64\u540c\u65f6\uff0c1931\u5e741\u670814\u65e5\uff0c\u8944\u9633\u4e2d\u5fc3\u53bf\u59d4\u6839\u636e\u9102\u8c6b\u8fb9\u7279\u59d4\u6307\u793a\uff0c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u8944\u5317800\u4f59\u4eba\u67aa\u7684\u519c\u6c11\u81ea\u536b\u519b\u5728\u77f3\u6865\u897f\u95e8\u5916\u53ec\u5f00\u8a93\u5e08\u5927\u4f1a\uff0c\u5ba3\u5e03\u7ec4\u5efa\u4e2d\u56fd\u5de5\u519c\u7ea2\u519b\u7b2c\u4e5d\u519b\u4e8c\u5341\u4e03\u5e08[7]<\/sup>186<\/sup>\uff0c\u5e08\u957f\u674e\u81ea\u4fee\uff0c\u526f\u5e08\u957f\u859b\u658c\uff0c\u653f\u6cbb\u90e8\u4e3b\u4efb\u5f20\u661f\u82e5\u300215\u65e5\u6e05\u6668\uff0c\u7ea2\u4e8c\u5341\u4e03\u5e08\u5411\u519b\u4e8b\u91cd\u9547\u4ed9\u4eba\u6e21\u53d1\u8d77\u8fdb\u653b\uff0c\u987a\u5229\u5730\u653b\u514b\u5f53\u5730\u56e2\u9632\u5c40\uff0c\u6d3b\u6349\u56e2\u603b\u8339\u6811\u5802\uff0c\u7f34\u83b7\u957f\u77ed\u67aa\u6570\u5341\u652f\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5c31\u5728\u524d\u5f80\u8c37\u57ce\u4e0e\u85a4\u5c71\u7ea2\u519b\u6e38\u51fb\u961f\u4f1a\u5408\u65f6\uff0c\u906d\u9047\u94f2\u5171\u4e49\u52c7\u961f400\u4eba\u548c\u56fd\u6c11\u515a\u6c5f\u6c49\u9632\u52a1\u53f8\u4ee4\u5f20\u6052\u91d1\u6240\u90e8\u56f4\u653b\u3002\u90e8\u961f\u5728\u7a81\u56f4\u4e2d\u88ab\u6253\u6563\uff0c\u5f20\u661f\u82e5\u53ca\u6240\u7387\u66b4\u52a8\u9aa8\u5e7280\u4f59\u4eba\u88ab\u6740\u5bb3\uff0c\u674e\u81ea\u4fee\u3001\u859b\u658c\u88ab\u4fd8\u5c31\u4e49[2]43<\/sup>\uff1b\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u540c\u5e74\u7ea2\u4e5d\u519b\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5341\u4e94\u5e08\u4f9d\u6258\u7ea2\u4e09\u519b\u6559\u5bfc\u56e2\u3001\u653f\u6cbb\u4fdd\u536b\u961f\u3001\u7279\u52a1\u8425\u53ca\u5730\u65b9\u6b66\u88c5\u6210\u7acb\uff0c\u4eba\u5458\u8fbe1400\u4f59\u540d\u3002\u5168\u4f53\u5b98\u5175\u5728\u90e7\u5c5e\u5206\u7279\u59d4\u4e66\u8bb0\u67f3\u76f4\u8340\u9886\u5bfc\u4e0b\uff0c\u7531\u5e08\u957f\u6c64\u6155\u79b9\u3001\u653f\u59d4\u6731\u52c9\u4e4b\u7387\u9886\uff0c\u7075\u6d3b\u673a\u667a\u7684\u6218\u672f\uff0c\u6c89\u91cd\u5730\u6253\u51fb\u4e86\u9102\u897f\u5317\u53cd\u52a8\u52bf\u529b\uff0c\u6709\u529b\u7b56\u5e94\u4e86\u8944\u67a3\u5b9c\u82cf\u533a\u7684\u6597\u4e89\uff0c\u5bf9\u6574\u4e2a\u9102\u8c6b\u8fb9\u82cf\u533a\u7684\u5f00\u8f9f\u8d77\u5230\u4e86\u4e0d\u53ef\u4f4e\u4f30\u7684\u4f5c\u7528[2]92<\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u89c4\u6a21\u4e0e\u6b66\u88c5\u53ef\u4ee5\u89e3\u91ca\u4e00\u4e2a\u6839\u636e\u5730\u7684\u201c\u91cf\u201d\uff0c\u4f46\u6218\u7565\u5730\u4f4d\u89e3\u91ca\u7684\u662f\u5b83\u7684\u201c\u8d28\u201d\u3002\u8944\u67a3\u5b9c\u6839\u636e\u5730\u5728\u7a7a\u95f4\u5e03\u5c40\u4e0a\u7684\u72ec\u7279\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u4f7f\u5176\u5177\u5907\u4e86\u8d85\u8d8a\u81ea\u8eab\u89c4\u6a21\u7684\u6218\u7565\u610f\u4e49\u3002<\/p>\n

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\uff08\u56db\uff09\u7efc\u5408\u8bc4\u4f30\uff1a\u4e09\u91cd\u6807\u51c6\u7684\u53e0\u52a0\u6548\u5e94<\/p>\n

\u89c4\u6a21\u3001\u6b66\u88c5\u3001\u5730\u4f4d\u4e09\u91cd\u6807\u51c6\u76f8\u4e92\u53e0\u52a0\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u7acb\u4f53\u7684\u8bc4\u4ef7\u4f53\u7cfb\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u5957\u4f53\u7cfb\u4e2d\uff0c\u8944\u67a3\u5b9c\u6839\u636e\u5730\u867d\u7136\u5728\u9762\u79ef\u548c\u4eba\u53e3\u4e0a\u4e0d\u53ca\u4e2d\u592e\u82cf\u533a\u3001\u9102\u8c6b\u7696\u82cf\u533a\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u6b66\u88c5\u5efa\u8bbe\u7684\u6b63\u89c4\u5316\u7a0b\u5ea6\u548c\u6218\u7565\u67a2\u7ebd\u4ef7\u503c\u4e0a\u72ec\u5177\u7279\u8272\uff0c\u8db3\u4ee5\u4f7f\u5176\u5728\u201c\u5168\u56fd\u516b\u5927\u6839\u636e\u5730\u201d\u7684\u6392\u5e8f\u4e2d\u5360\u636e\u7b2c\u4e09\u4f4d\u6b21\u3002<\/p>\n

\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u6392\u540d\u5e76\u975e\u6768\u674f\u4f5b\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u4e3b\u89c2\u81c6\u65ad\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u5bf9\u6839\u636e\u5730\u5b9e\u9645\u72b6\u51b5\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u89c2\u5bdf\u3002\u6768\u674f\u4f5b\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4f4d\u5177\u6709\u73b0\u4ee3\u5b66\u672f\u8bad\u7ec3\u80cc\u666f\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u6d3b\u52a8\u5bb6\uff0c\u5176\u8003\u5bdf\u65b9\u6cd5\u548c\u5224\u65ad\u6807\u51c6\u672c\u8eab\u5c31\u4ee3\u8868\u4e86\u67d0\u79cd\u201c\u73b0\u4ee3\u6027\u201d\u7684\u8bc4\u4ef7\u89c6\u89d2\u3002\u4ed6\u770b\u5230\u4e86\u7ea2\u519b\u6b66\u88c5\u6b63\u89c4\u5316\u7a0b\u5ea6\u5bf9\u6839\u636e\u5730\u751f\u5b58\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u5173\u952e\u610f\u4e49\uff0c\u770b\u5230\u4e86\u6218\u7565\u67a2\u7ebd\u5730\u4f4d\u5bf9\u5168\u5c40\u6597\u4e89\u7684\u652f\u6491\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6d1e\u89c1\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u5728\u4eca\u5929\u770b\u6765\u4ecd\u7136\u5177\u6709\u76f8\u5f53\u7684\u5b66\u672f\u4ef7\u503c\u3002<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u56db\u3001\u6768\u674f\u4f5b\u8bba\u65ad\u5728\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u53ca\u5176\u53cc\u91cd\u7ef4\u5ea6<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\uff08\u4e00\uff09\u56fd\u5185\u7ef4\u5ea6\uff1a\u5bf9\u56fd\u6c11\u515a\u53ca\u793e\u4f1a\u8206\u8bba\u7684\u51b2\u51fb<\/p>\n

\u6768\u674f\u4f5b\u4ee5\u56fd\u6c11\u515a\u5de6\u6d3e\u4eba\u58eb\u7684\u8eab\u4efd\u53d1\u8868\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u7bc7\u5411\u4e16\u754c\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e2d\u56fd\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\uff0c\u5176\u653f\u6cbb\u51b2\u51fb\u529b\u4e0d\u8a00\u800c\u55bb\u3002\u57281931\u5e74\u56fd\u6c11\u515a\u653f\u5e9c\u5bf9\u82cf\u533a\u5b9e\u65bd\u4e25\u5bc6\u4fe1\u606f\u5c01\u9501\u7684\u80cc\u666f\u4e0b\uff0c\u6768\u674f\u4f5b\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u6765\u81ea\u201c\u4f53\u5236\u5185\u90e8\u201d\u7684\u5ba2\u89c2\u58f0\u97f3\uff0c\u8fd9\u65e0\u7591\u5bf9\u56fd\u6c11\u515a\u7684\u8206\u8bba\u7ba1\u63a7\u6784\u6210\u4e86\u67d0\u79cd\u6311\u6218\u3002<\/p>\n

\u66f4\u4e3a\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u6768\u674f\u4f5b\u6587\u7ae0\u7684\u53d1\u8868\u5730\u70b9\u662f\u4e0a\u6d77\u7684\u82f1\u6587\u62a5\u7eb8\u300a\u5b57\u6797\u897f\u62a5\u300b\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4efd\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u79df\u754c\u5185\u5177\u6709\u76f8\u5f53\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\u7684\u82f1\u6587\u5a92\u4f53\uff0c\u5176\u8bfb\u8005\u7fa4\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5305\u62ec\u5728\u534e\u5916\u56fd\u4eba\u58eb\uff0c\u4e5f\u5305\u62ec\u53d7\u8fc7\u897f\u5f0f\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u77e5\u8bc6\u5206\u5b50\u548c\u653f\u754c\u7cbe\u82f1\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6e20\u9053\u4f20\u64ad\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u7ed5\u8fc7\u56fd\u6c11\u515a\u7684\u5ba1\u67e5\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u89e6\u8fbe\u7cbe\u82f1\u9636\u5c42\u3002<\/p>\n

\uff08\u4e8c\uff09\u56fd\u9645\u7ef4\u5ea6\uff1a\u897f\u65b9\u4e16\u754c\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u771f\u5b9e\u60c5\u51b5\u7684\u9996\u6b21\u4e86\u89e3<\/p>\n

\u6768\u674f\u4f5b\u6587\u7ae0\u7684\u56fd\u9645\u5f71\u54cd\u6216\u8bb8\u66f4\u4e3a\u6df1\u8fdc\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u53f2\u6599\u6240\u8f7d\uff0c\u8fd9\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u201c\u4f7f\u4e16\u754c\u8206\u8bba\u754c\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u4e86\u89e3\u5230\u4e2d\u56fd\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u548c\u7ea2\u519b\u7684\u771f\u5b9e\u60c5\u51b5\u201d\u3002\u57281930\u5e74\u4ee3\u521d\u671f\uff0c\u897f\u65b9\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u7684\u8ba4\u77e5\u5927\u591a\u6765\u81ea\u56fd\u6c11\u515a\u5b98\u65b9\u7684\u8d1f\u9762\u5ba3\u4f20\uff0c\u6216\u6765\u81ea\u82cf\u4fc4\u5171\u4ea7\u56fd\u9645\u7684\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\u8f93\u51fa\uff0c\u771f\u6b63\u57fa\u4e8e\u5b9e\u5730\u8003\u5bdf\u7684\u5ba2\u89c2\u62a5\u9053\u6781\u4e3a\u7f55\u89c1\u3002\u6768\u674f\u4f5b\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u5728\u4e00\u5b9a\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u586b\u8865\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e00\u7a7a\u767d\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u79cd\u56fd\u9645\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\u6df1\u5c42\u610f\u4e49\u5728\u4e8e\uff1a\u5f53\u5916\u90e8\u4e16\u754c\u901a\u8fc7\u6768\u674f\u4f5b\u7684\u7b14\u89e6\u4e86\u89e3\u5230\u6e58\u9102\u897f\u6839\u636e\u5730\u548c\u8944\u67a3\u5b9c\u6839\u636e\u5730\u7684\u771f\u5b9e\u72b6\u51b5\u65f6\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u7684\u5f62\u8c61\u5c31\u4e0d\u518d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u201c\u83ab\u65af\u79d1\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u201d\u6216\u201c\u519c\u6c11\u66b4\u4e71\u8005\u201d\uff0c\u800c\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5177\u6709\u771f\u5b9e\u793e\u4f1a\u57fa\u7840\u7684\u9769\u547d\u529b\u91cf\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u5f62\u8c61\u7684\u91cd\u5851\uff0c\u5728\u957f\u8fdc\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4e2d\u5177\u6709\u91cd\u8981\u610f\u4e49\u3002<\/p>\n

\uff08\u4e09\uff09\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\u6df1\u5c42\u903b\u8f91\uff1a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5916\u90e8\u8bc4\u4ef7\u4e3a\u4f55\u80fd\u4ea7\u751f\u5185\u90e8\u5f71\u54cd<\/p>\n

\u6768\u674f\u4f5b\u65e2\u975e\u4e2d\u5171\u515a\u5458\uff0c\u4e5f\u975e\u5171\u4ea7\u56fd\u9645\u4ee3\u8868\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u8bc4\u4ef7\u4f55\u4ee5\u80fd\u4ea7\u751f\u5982\u6b64\u6df1\u5e7f\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff1f\u8fd9\u9700\u8981\u4ece\u201c\u8bc4\u4ef7\u7684\u6743\u5a01\u6027\u201d\u8fd9\u4e00\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u7406\u89e3\u3002<\/p>\n

\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u6768\u674f\u4f5b\u4f5c\u4e3a\u56fd\u6c11\u515a\u5de6\u6d3e\u4eba\u58eb\u7684\u201c\u5c40\u5916\u4eba\u201d\u8eab\u4efd\uff0c\u6070\u6070\u8d4b\u4e88\u4e86\u4ed6\u8bc4\u4ef7\u7684\u5ba2\u89c2\u6027\u5149\u73af\u3002\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u653f\u6cbb\u7acb\u573a\u51b3\u5b9a\u7acb\u8bba\u7684\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u6765\u81ea\u201c\u5708\u5916\u4eba\u201d\u7684\u80af\u5b9a\u5f80\u5f80\u6bd4\u201c\u81ea\u5df1\u4eba\u201d\u7684\u8d5e\u626c\u66f4\u6709\u8bf4\u670d\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u82f1\u6587\u53d1\u8868\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u548c\u300a\u5b57\u6797\u897f\u62a5\u300b\u7684\u5e73\u53f0\uff0c\u4f7f\u4ed6\u7684\u8bc4\u4ef7\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u67d0\u79cd\u201c\u56fd\u9645\u8ba4\u8bc1\u201d\u3002\u5728\u56fd\u9645\u8206\u8bba\u573a\u4e0a\uff0c\u6c49\u8bed\u62a5\u9053\u548c\u82f1\u8bed\u62a5\u9053\u7684\u4f20\u64ad\u529b\u5b58\u5728\u5de8\u5927\u5dee\u5f02\u2014\u2014\u82f1\u6587\u62a5\u9053\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u88ab\u56fd\u9645\u793e\u4f1a\u91c7\u4fe1\u548c\u5f15\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n

\u66f4\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u6768\u674f\u4f5b\u7684\u8bc4\u4ef7\u4e0e\u4e2d\u5171\u4e2d\u592e\u5bf9\u9102\u8c6b\u8fb9\u533a\u6218\u7565\u5730\u4f4d\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u5224\u65ad\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u67d0\u79cd\u201c\u543b\u5408\u201d\uff1a\u5f53\u5916\u90e8\u89c2\u5bdf\u8005\u7684\u5224\u65ad\u4e0e\u5185\u90e8\u51b3\u7b56\u8005\u7684\u5224\u65ad\u91cd\u5408\u65f6\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u8bc4\u4ef7\u5c31\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u201c\u4fe1\u606f\u201d\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u201c\u4f50\u8bc1\u201d\u548c\u201c\u652f\u6301\u201d\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5177\u5907\u4e86\u5f71\u54cd\u5b9e\u9645\u51b3\u7b56\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u3002<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u4e94\u3001\u4ece\u8bc4\u4ef7\u5230\u884c\u52a8\uff1a\u5f71\u54cd\u5411\u653f\u6cbb\u548c\u519b\u4e8b\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u8f6c\u5316<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u6768\u674f\u4f5b\u7684\u8bba\u65ad\u867d\u7136\u4ea7\u751f\u4e8e\u5916\u90e8\u89c2\u5bdf\uff0c\u5374\u5207\u5b9e\u5730\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u4e2d\u5171\u4e2d\u592e\u5bf9\u9102\u8c6b\u8fb9\u533a\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u6295\u5165\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u8f6c\u5316\uff0c\u96c6\u4e2d\u4f53\u73b0\u5728\u4e2d\u5171\u4e2d\u592e\u8fde\u7eed\u3001\u5bc6\u96c6\u5730\u5411\u9102\u8c6b\u8fb9\u533a\u6d3e\u9063\u5e72\u90e8\u8fd9\u4e00\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n

\uff08\u4e00\uff091931\u5e742\u6708\uff1a\u8d75\u8398\u4efb\u7b495\u4eba\u5c0f\u7ec4\u8d74\u9102\u5317<\/p>\n

1931\u5e742\u6708\u4e0b\u65ec\uff0c\u4e2d\u5171\u4e2d\u592e\u6d3e\u9063\u8d75\u8398\u4efb\uff08\u8d75\u8f16\uff09\u3001\u6bd5\u660c\u8302\u3001\u674e\u653f\u3001\u4f55\u5c1a\u5fd7\u3001\u738b\u660e\uff08\u9e64\uff09\u7b495\u4eba[6]186<\/sup>\u5230\u8fbe\u9102\u5317\u82cf\u533a\u3002\u8fd9\u6b21\u6d3e\u9063\u7684\u76f4\u63a5\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u201c\u52a0\u5f3a\u7ea2\u519b\u7684\u9886\u5bfc\u529b\u91cf\u201d\uff0c\u5bf9\u7ea2\u4e5d\u519b\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5341\u516d\u5e08\u8fdb\u884c\u6539\u7ec4\uff0c\u8d75\u8398\u4efb\u63a5\u4efb\u5e08\u957f\uff0c\u6bd5\u660c\u8302\u4efb\u653f\u59d4\uff0c\u4f55\u5c1a\u5fd7\u4efb\u53c2\u8c0b\u957f\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u4e00\u6d3e\u9063\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u4f53\u73b0\u5728\u591a\u4e2a\u5c42\u9762\u3002\u5176\u4e00\uff0c\u8d75\u8398\u4efb\u662f\u9ec4\u57d4\u519b\u6821\u7b2c\u56db\u671f\u6bd5\u4e1a\u751f\uff0c\u53c2\u52a0\u8fc7\u5357\u660c\u8d77\u4e49\uff0c\u5728\u8d3a\u9f99\u4e3a\u519b\u957f\u7684\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5341\u519b\u7b2c\u4e09\u5e08\u6559\u5bfc\u56e2\u7b2c\u516b\u961f\u4efb\u8fc7\u961f\u957f\u3002\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u4e2d\u592e\u6d3e\u51fa\u7684\u4e0d\u662f\u666e\u901a\u5e72\u90e8\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5177\u6709\u4e30\u5bcc\u519b\u4e8b\u7ecf\u9a8c\u548c\u6b63\u89c4\u519b\u4e8b\u8bad\u7ec3\u80cc\u666f\u7684\u7cbe\u82f1\u4eba\u624d\u3002\u5176\u4e8c\uff0c\u516d\u4eba\u5c0f\u7ec4\u7684\u89c4\u6a21\u5728\u5f53\u65f6\u5404\u6839\u636e\u5730\u7684\u5e72\u90e8\u6d3e\u9063\u4e2d\u5c5e\u4e8e\u8f83\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\uff0c\u663e\u793a\u4e86\u4e2d\u592e\u5bf9\u8fd9\u652f\u90e8\u961f\u6b63\u89c4\u5316\u5efa\u8bbe\u7684\u91cd\u89c6\u7a0b\u5ea6\u3002\u5176\u4e09\uff0c\u6d3e\u9063\u7684\u65f6\u673a\uff0c\u6b63\u503c\u53cd\u201c\u56f4\u527f\u201d\u6597\u4e89\u7684\u5173\u952e\u65f6\u523b\u3002\u8fd9\u8868\u660e\u4e2d\u592e\u5e76\u975e\u7b49\u5230\u6218\u540e\u624d\u8fdb\u884c\u4eba\u4e8b\u5e03\u5c40\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5728\u6218\u4e8b\u6700\u6fc0\u70c8\u65f6\u4f9d\u7136\u575a\u6301\u589e\u63f4\uff0c\u5176\u6218\u7565\u51b3\u5fc3\u53ef\u89c1\u4e00\u6591\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8d75\u8398\u4efb\u5230\u4efb\u540e\uff0c\u7acb\u5373\u7387\u90e8\u53c2\u52a0\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u53cd\u201c\u56f4\u527f\u201d\u6597\u4e89\uff0c\u53d6\u5f97\u738b\u5bb6\u6e7e\u3001\u94b1\u5bb6\u5be8\u3001\u5f6d\u5bb6\u51b2\u7b49\u591a\u6b21\u6218\u6597\u7684\u80dc\u5229\u3002\u4e0d\u5e78\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u540c\u5e743\u6708\u5728\u67a3\u9633\u5f6d\u5bb6\u51b2\u7a81\u56f4\u6218\u6597\u4e2d\u82f1\u52c7\u727a\u7272\uff0c\u5e74\u4ec527\u5c81\u3002\u8d75\u8398\u4efb\u7684\u727a\u7272\u56fa\u7136\u662f\u9769\u547d\u4e8b\u4e1a\u7684\u91cd\u5927\u635f\u5931\uff0c\u4f46\u4e5f\u4ece\u4fa7\u9762\u8bf4\u660e\u4e2d\u592e\u6d3e\u9063\u7684\u5e72\u90e8\u786e\u5b9e\u662f\u76f4\u63a5\u6295\u5165\u4e86\u6700\u6fc0\u70c8\u7684\u4e00\u7ebf\u6218\u6597\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u865a\u7f6e\u9ad8\u4f4d\u3002<\/p>\n

\uff08\u4e8c\uff091931\u5e74\u79cb\uff1a\u9102\u8c6b\u8fb9\u7279\u59d4\u4e3b\u52a8\u5411\u4e2d\u592e\u6c42\u63f4<\/p>\n

\u5982\u679c\u8bf4\u524d\u4e00\u6b21\u6d3e\u9063\u662f\u4e2d\u592e\u7684\u4e3b\u52a8\u5e03\u5c40\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u7684\u4e00\u6b21\u5219\u4f53\u73b0\u4e86\u4e2d\u592e\u4e0e\u5730\u65b9\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u53cc\u5411\u4e92\u52a8\u30021931\u5e74\u6625\uff0c\u8944\u67a3\u5b9c\u82cf\u533a\u5927\u90e8\u5931\u9677\u540e\uff0c\u9102\u8c6b\u8fb9\u7279\u59d4\u4e0e\u4e2d\u592e\u4e00\u5ea6\u5931\u53bb\u8054\u7cfb\uff0c\u201c\u5f97\u4e0d\u5230\u4efb\u4f55\u6307\u793a\uff0c\u800c\u672c\u5730\u540c\u5fd7\u53c8\u7f3a\u4e4f\u519b\u4e8b\u653f\u6cbb\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c\u201d\u3002\u9762\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e00\u56f0\u5883\uff0c\u9102\u8c6b\u8fb9\u7279\u59d4\u5728\u540c\u5e749\u6708\u6d3e\u9063\u9648\u96ea\u6000\u3001\u7a0b\u514b\u7ef3\u5230\u4e0a\u6d77\u5411\u4e2d\u592e\u6c47\u62a5\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u5e76\u8981\u6c42\u4e2d\u592e\u6d3e\u5e72\u90e8\u524d\u6765\u52a0\u5f3a\u9886\u5bfc\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u4e00\u4e3e\u52a8\u672c\u8eab\u5c31\u8bf4\u660e\u4e86\u4e24\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u7b2c\u4e00\uff0c\u9102\u8c6b\u8fb9\u533a\u5728\u4e2d\u592e\u7684\u6839\u636e\u5730\u4f53\u7cfb\u4e2d\u5177\u6709\u8db3\u591f\u7684\u201c\u53ef\u89c1\u5ea6\u201d\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u5730\u65b9\u5e72\u90e8\u76f8\u4fe1\u4e2d\u592e\u6709\u80fd\u529b\u3001\u4e5f\u6709\u610f\u613f\u63d0\u4f9b\u63f4\u52a9\uff1b\u7b2c\u4e8c\uff0c\u6768\u674f\u4f5b\u7684\u8bba\u65ad\u6b64\u65f6\u5df2\u7ecf\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u4e00\u5b9a\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u4e2d\u592e\u5bf9\u9102\u8c6b\u8fb9\u533a\u7684\u5173\u6ce8\u5ea6\u663e\u8457\u63d0\u5347\u3002\u5730\u65b9\u5e72\u90e8\u4e3b\u52a8\u6c42\u63f4\u4e0e\u4e2d\u592e\u8fc5\u901f\u54cd\u5e94\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u201c\u5339\u914d\u201d\uff0c\u6070\u6070\u662f\u5916\u90e8\u8bc4\u4ef7\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u5185\u90e8\u8d44\u6e90\u52a8\u5458\u7684\u5178\u578b\u673a\u5236\u3002<\/p>\n

\uff08\u4e09\uff091931\u5e7411\u6708\uff1a\u6c88\u5b97\u6e90\u7387\u516d\u4eba\u5c0f\u7ec4\u53ca\u8c2d\u4e2d\u4f59\u3001\u5468\u60e0\u5e74\u8d74\u9102\u8c6b\u8fb9<\/p>\n

10\u6708\u4e0a\u65ec\uff0c\u9648\u96ea\u6000\u3001\u7a0b\u514b\u7ef3\u966a\u540c\u4e2d\u592e\u6d3e\u6765\u7684\u6c88\u5b97\u6e90\u3001\u8c2d\u4e2d\u4f59\u3001\u5468\u60e0\u83b2\uff08\u5373\u5468\u60e0\u5e74\uff09\u3001\u5218\u4f2f\u4e07\u3001\u9b4f\u514b\u94ce\u7b496\u4eba\u5230\u8fbe\u5357\u9633\u3002\u8fd9\u516d\u4eba\u5c0f\u7ec4\u7684\u5230\u6765\uff0c\u6807\u5fd7\u7740\u4e2d\u592e\u5bf9\u9102\u8c6b\u8fb9\u533a\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u9886\u5bfc\u529b\u5ea6\u8fdb\u5165\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u9636\u6bb5\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6c88\u5b97\u6e90\u4ee5\u4e2d\u592e\u4ee3\u8868\u7684\u8eab\u4efd\u6539\u7ec4\u4e2d\u5171\u9102\u8c6b\u8fb9\u7279\u59d4\u5e76\u62c5\u4efb\u7279\u59d4\u4e66\u8bb0\uff0c\u968f\u540e\u4e3b\u6301\u4e34\u65f6\u6267\u59d4\u4f1a\u8bae\u3002\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\uff0c\u4e2d\u592e\u4e0d\u4ec5\u6d3e\u6765\u4e86\u5e72\u90e8\uff0c\u8fd8\u59d4\u6d3e\u4e86\u5177\u6709\u6539\u7ec4\u548c\u9886\u5bfc\u6743\u9650\u7684\u4ee3\u8868\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u4ecb\u5165\u9102\u8c6b\u8fb9\u533a\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u67b6\u6784\u8c03\u6574\u3002\u5728\u9769\u547d\u6218\u4e89\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u5c42\u7ea7\u7684\u4e2d\u592e\u76f4\u63a5\u4ecb\u5165\u662f\u5341\u5206\u7f55\u89c1\u7684\uff0c\u5b83\u660e\u786e\u8868\u660e\u9102\u8c6b\u8fb9\u533a\u7684\u6218\u7565\u5730\u4f4d\u5df2\u7ecf\u4e0a\u5347\u5230\u4e86\u4e2d\u592e\u5fc5\u987b\u201c\u4eb2\u81ea\u8fc7\u95ee\u201d\u7684\u5c42\u6b21\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5c24\u4e3a\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u516d\u4eba\u5c0f\u7ec4\u4e2d\u8c2d\u4e2d\u4f59\u4e0e\u5468\u60e0\u5e74\u592b\u5987\u4e8c\u4eba\u7684\u6d3e\u9063\u7cfb\u5468\u6069\u6765\u4eb2\u81ea\u9009\u6d3e\u7684\u3002\u8c2d\u4e2d\u4f59\uff08\u5373\u8c2d\u5fe0\u4f59\uff09\u66fe\u62c5\u4efb\u4e2d\u5171\u4e2d\u592e\u7279\u79d1\u4e09\u79d1\uff08\u884c\u52a8\u79d1\uff09\u526f\u79d1\u957f\u3001\u79d1\u957f\uff0c\u662f\u7279\u79d1\u524d\u671f\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u9752\u5e74\u515a\u5458\u5e72\u90e8\uff0c\u53c2\u4e0e\u8fc7\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u91cd\u8981\u884c\u52a8\u3002\u5468\u6069\u6765\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e2d\u5171\u4e2d\u592e\u519b\u4e8b\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u8d1f\u8d23\u4eba\uff0c\u4eb2\u81ea\u9009\u6d3e\u7684\u5e72\u90e8\u5fc5\u5b9a\u5177\u6709\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u4e13\u4e1a\u80cc\u666f\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u4fe1\u4efb\u5ea6\u3002\u8c2d\u4e2d\u4f59\u5230\u9102\u8c6b\u8fb9\u540e\u62c5\u4efb\u7ea2\u4e8c\u5341\u516d\u5e08\u653f\u59d4\uff0c\u5468\u60e0\u5e74\u5728\u82cf\u533a\u7279\u59d4\u5987\u5973\u5de5\u4f5c\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5468\u6069\u6765\u4eb2\u81ea\u9009\u6d3e\u7684\u8fd9\u4e00\u4e8b\u5b9e\uff0c\u5176\u542b\u4e49\u6781\u4e3a\u6df1\u523b\u3002\u5b83\u610f\u5473\u7740\u4e2d\u592e\u5bf9\u9102\u8c6b\u8fb9\u533a\u7684\u91cd\u89c6\u5df2\u7ecf\u4e0d\u4ec5\u662f\u4e00\u822c\u6027\u7684\u201c\u5e72\u90e8\u6d3e\u9063\u201d\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u52a8\u7528\u4e86\u6700\u9ad8\u5c42\u7ea7\u7684\u4eba\u4e8b\u51b3\u7b56\u8d44\u6e90\u3002\u5728\u4e2d\u5171\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4f53\u7cfb\u4e2d\uff0c\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u4eb2\u81ea\u9009\u6d3e\u5e72\u90e8\u4ee3\u8868\u7740\u5bf9\u8be5\u5730\u533a\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u201c\u9ad8\u5ea6\u91cd\u89c6\u201d\u548c\u201c\u6218\u7565\u6027\u5173\u6ce8\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n

\uff08\u56db\uff091932\u5e743\u6708\uff1a\u5c09\u58eb\u7b60\u5de1\u89c6\u9102\u5317<\/p>\n

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\uff08\u4e94\uff091932\u5e745\u6708\uff1a\u90d1\u6587\uff08\u5de6\u6d2a\u6d9b\uff09\u4ee3\u7406\u7701\u59d4\u4e66\u8bb0<\/p>\n

\u5728\u9102\u8c6b\u8fb9\u533a\u5904\u4e8e\u4f4e\u6f6e\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u4e2d\u5171\u4e2d\u592e\u4ecd\u4e13\u95e8\u6d3e\u90d1\u6587\uff08\u5de6\u6d2a\u6d9b\uff09\u6765\u5230\u9102\u8c6b\u8fb9\uff0c\u52a0\u5f3a\u4e34\u65f6\u7701\u59d4\u7684\u9886\u5bfc\u5de5\u4f5c\u30025\u6708\u4e0b\u65ec\uff0c\u4e2d\u5171\u9102\u8c6b\u8fb9\u4e34\u65f6\u7701\u59d4\u53ec\u5f00\u7d27\u6025\u4f1a\u8bae\uff0c\u201c\u51b3\u5b9a\u7531\u4e2d\u592e\u6d3e\u6765\u6307\u5bfc\u6839\u636e\u5730\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u90d1\u6587\uff08\u5de6\u6d2a\u6d9b\uff09\u4ee3\u7406\u7701\u59d4\u4e66\u8bb0\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u8d1f\u8d23\u7ea2\u519b\u5de5\u4f5c\u201d[4]<\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n

\u90d1\u6587\u5230\u4efb\u540e\uff0c\u8fc5\u901f\u5f00\u59cb\u6574\u7f16\u5730\u65b9\u6b66\u88c5\uff0c\u5c06\u5e78\u5b58\u7684\u7ea2\u519b\u90e8\u961f\u548c\u6e38\u51fb\u961f\u5408\u7f16\u4e3a\u9102\u5317\u8d64\u8272\u6e38\u51fb\u519b\u3002\u5728\u82cf\u533a\u5f62\u52bf\u6700\u4e3a\u4e25\u5cfb\u7684\u65f6\u523b\uff0c\u4e2d\u592e\u4f9d\u7136\u575a\u6301\u6d3e\u9063\u5e72\u90e8\uff0c\u8fd9\u7edd\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u8c61\u5f81\u6027\u7684\u59ff\u6001\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5b9e\u5b9e\u5728\u5728\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u6295\u5165\u3002<\/p>\n

\uff08\u516d\uff09\u8fde\u7eed\u6d3e\u9063\u7684\u6df1\u5c42\u903b\u8f91\uff1a\u4e00\u6761\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u8f6c\u5316\u94fe\u6761<\/p>\n

\u5c06\u4e0a\u8ff0\u4e94\u6b21\u5e72\u90e8\u6d3e\u9063\u4e32\u8054\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6e05\u6670\u5730\u770b\u5230\u4e00\u6761\u201c\u5f71\u54cd\u8f6c\u5316\u94fe\u6761\u201d\uff1a<\/p>\n

\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b65\uff1a\u8944\u67a3\u5b9c\u6839\u636e\u5730\u4ee5\u81ea\u8eab\u5b9e\u529b\u5960\u5b9a\u5730\u4f4d\u3002 \u9762\u79ef2700\u591a\u5e73\u65b9\u516c\u91cc\u3001\u4eba\u53e340\u4f59\u4e07\u3001\u62e5\u6709\u4e00\u652f\u6b63\u89c4\u7ea2\u519b\u6b66\u88c5\u7684\u6218\u7565\u67a2\u7ebd\u578b\u6839\u636e\u5730\uff0c\u5728\u5168\u56fd\u7248\u56fe\u4e0a\u5df2\u7ecf\u5177\u5907\u4e86\u201c\u88ab\u770b\u89c1\u201d\u7684\u8d44\u683c\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b65\uff1a\u6768\u674f\u4f5b\u7684\u8bba\u65ad\u5c06\u8fd9\u79cd\u201c\u88ab\u770b\u89c1\u201d\u63d0\u5347\u4e3a\u201c\u88ab\u786e\u8ba4\u201d\u3002 \u5916\u90e8\u8bc4\u4ef7\u8d4b\u4e88\u4e86\u6839\u636e\u5730\u4e00\u79cd\u6765\u81ea\u201c\u5708\u5916\u4eba\u201d\u7684\u5ba2\u89c2\u8ba4\u53ef\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u8ba4\u53ef\u53cd\u8fc7\u6765\u589e\u5f3a\u4e86\u5176\u653f\u6cbb\u5408\u6cd5\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7b2c\u4e09\u6b65\uff1a\u4e2d\u5171\u4e2d\u592e\u5c06\u6768\u674f\u4f5b\u7684\u8bc4\u4ef7\u7eb3\u5165\u51b3\u7b56\u53c2\u8003\uff0c\u5c06\u8944\u67a3\u5b9c\u6839\u636e\u5730\u7eb3\u5165\u5168\u56fd\u6839\u636e\u5730\u7edf\u7b79\u8003\u8651\u548c\u5b89\u6392\u3002\u8fd9\u91cc\u9700\u8981\u7279\u522b\u5f3a\u8c03\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u6b64\u65f6\u7684\u4e2d\u5171\u4e2d\u592e\u653f\u6cbb\u5c40\u662f\u9274\u4e8e\u8944\u67a3\u5b9c\u6839\u636e\u5730\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u624d\u5c06\u5176\u7eb3\u5165\u5168\u56fd\u6839\u636e\u5730\u7edf\u7b79\u89c4\u5212\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\uff0c\u8944\u67a3\u5b9c\u6839\u636e\u5730\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u5df2\u7ecf\u4ece\u201c\u6e58\u9102\u897f\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u9644\u5c5e\u677f\u5757\u201d\u4e0a\u5347\u5230\u4e86\u201c\u5168\u56fd\u5e03\u5c40\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u652f\u70b9\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7b2c\u56db\u6b65\uff1a\u4e2d\u592e\u51b3\u7b56\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u8fde\u7eed\u3001\u5bc6\u96c6\u7684\u5e72\u90e8\u6d3e\u9063\u884c\u52a8\u3002\u4e0d\u5230\u4e00\u5e74\u534a\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u91cc\uff0c\u4ece\u8d75\u8398\u4efb\u5230\u90d1\u6587\uff0c\u4e94\u6b21\u6d3e\u9063\u8d2f\u7a7f\u4e86\u82cf\u533a\u5efa\u8bbe\u7684\u5168\u5468\u671f\uff0c\u5373\u4ece\u4e0a\u5347\u671f\u5230\u9f0e\u76db\u671f\u518d\u5230\u4f4e\u6f6e\u671f\uff0c\u4e2d\u5171\u4e2d\u592e\u59cb\u7ec8\u4fdd\u6301\u7740\u5bf9\u8be5\u5730\u533a\u7684\u9ad8\u5ea6\u5173\u6ce8\u548c\u6301\u7eed\u6295\u5165\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7b2c\u4e94\u6b65\uff1a\u5e72\u90e8\u7684\u6ce8\u5165\u5e26\u6765\u6b66\u88c5\u529b\u91cf\u5efa\u8bbe\u3001\u653f\u6cbb\u67b6\u6784\u4f18\u5316\u548c\u519b\u4e8b\u6307\u6325\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u63d0\u5347\u3002 \u8d75\u8398\u4efb\u7b49\u4eba\u589e\u5f3a\u4e86\u7ea2\u4e8c\u5341\u516d\u5e08\u7684\u6b63\u89c4\u5316\u7a0b\u5ea6\u548c\u6218\u6597\u529b\uff1b\u6c88\u5b97\u6e90\u7b49\u4eba\u91cd\u7ec4\u4e86\u515a\u7684\u9886\u5bfc\u67b6\u6784\u548c\u653f\u6743\u4f53\u7cfb\uff1b\u8c2d\u4e2d\u4f59\u7b49\u4eba\u7684\u52a0\u5165\u5e26\u6765\u4e86\u4e2d\u592e\u7279\u79d1\u7684\u4e13\u4e1a\u7ecf\u9a8c\uff1b\u90d1\u6587\u5728\u82cf\u533a\u4f4e\u6f6e\u65f6\u7684\u5230\u6765\u5219\u4e3a\u6062\u590d\u6597\u4e89\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5173\u952e\u7684\u9886\u5bfc\u529b\u652f\u6491\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u4e00\u94fe\u6761\u8868\u660e\uff1a\u6768\u674f\u4f5b\u7684\u8bba\u65ad\u4e0d\u4ec5\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5386\u53f2\u8bc4\u4ef7\uff0c\u66f4\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5386\u53f2\u529b\u91cf\u3002\u5b83\u4ee5\u4e00\u79cd\u770b\u4e0d\u89c1\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u63a8\u52a8\u4e86\u4e2d\u592e\u5bf9\u9102\u8c6b\u8fb9\u533a\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u5206\u914d\uff0c\u8fdb\u800c\u6df1\u523b\u5f71\u54cd\u4e86\u8944\u67a3\u5b9c\u6839\u636e\u5730\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u547d\u8fd0\u3002<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u516d\u3001\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\u9650\u5ea6\u4e0e\u8fa9\u8bc1\u601d\u8003<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u5728\u5145\u5206\u8bba\u8bc1\u5f71\u54cd\u8f6c\u5316\u673a\u5236\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e5f\u5fc5\u987b\u6b63\u89c6\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\u9650\u5ea6\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u4fbf\u4f1a\u9677\u5165\u7ebf\u6027\u51b3\u5b9a\u8bba\u7684\u9677\u9631\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u8944\u67a3\u5b9c\u6839\u636e\u5730\u6700\u7ec8\u4ecd\u7136\u8d70\u5411\u4e27\u5931\u30021932\u5e746\u6708\u5e95\uff0c\u5728\u56fd\u6c11\u515a\u519b\u7684\u6301\u7eed\u201c\u56f4\u527f\u201d\u548c\u5185\u90e8\u8def\u7ebf\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u53cc\u91cd\u6253\u51fb\u4e0b\uff0c\u82cf\u533a\u5168\u90e8\u4e27\u5931\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u4ec5\u5269\u56db\u4e94\u5341\u516c\u91cc\u7684\u9762\u79ef\u3002\u8fd9\u8bf4\u660e\uff0c\u5916\u90e8\u8bc4\u4ef7\u867d\u7136\u80fd\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u8d44\u6e90\u6295\u5165\uff0c\u4f46\u65e0\u6cd5\u6539\u53d8\u654c\u6211\u529b\u91cf\u5bf9\u6bd4\u7684\u603b\u4f53\u683c\u5c40\uff0c\u4e5f\u65e0\u6cd5\u6d88\u5f2d\u5185\u90e8\u8def\u7ebf\u6597\u4e89\u7684\u7834\u574f\u6027\u3002\u8944\u67a3\u5b9c\u6839\u636e\u5730\u6700\u7ec8\u201c\u5e76\u672a\u6210\u4e3a\u5168\u56fd\u7b2c\u4e09\u5927\u6839\u636e\u5730\u201d\uff0c\u800c\u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u201c\u66fe\u7ecf\u4f4d\u5217\u7b2c\u4e09\u201d\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u5750\u6807\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u201c\u9ad8\u5cf0\u4e0e\u5760\u843d\u201d\u7684\u843d\u5dee\uff0c\u6070\u6070\u6784\u6210\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e00\u5386\u53f2\u547d\u9898\u6700\u5177\u60b2\u5267\u6027\u548c\u53cd\u601d\u6027\u7684\u7ef4\u5ea6\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5176\u4e09\uff0c\u6768\u674f\u4f5b\u672c\u4eba\u7684\u4eba\u751f\u7ed3\u5c40\u4e5f\u6784\u6210\u4e00\u79cd\u6df1\u6c89\u7684\u547c\u5e94\u30021933\u5e74\uff0c\u6768\u674f\u4f5b\u56e0\u79ef\u6781\u53c2\u52a0\u6297\u65e5\u6551\u4ea1\u6d3b\u52a8\u3001\u516c\u5f00\u63ed\u9732\u56fd\u6c11\u515a\u7edf\u6cbb\u7684\u9ed1\u6697\uff0c\u5728\u4e0a\u6d77\u906d\u56fd\u6c11\u515a\u7279\u52a1\u6697\u6740[3]<\/sup>\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u66fe\u7ecf\u4ee5\u201c\u5ba2\u89c2\u4e2d\u7acb\u201d\u59ff\u6001\u5411\u4e16\u754c\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e2d\u5171\u7684\u56fd\u6c11\u515a\u5de6\u6d3e\u4eba\u58eb\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u6b7b\u4e8e\u56fd\u6c11\u515a\u5185\u90e8\u7684\u6781\u7aef\u52bf\u529b\u4e4b\u624b\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u547d\u8fd0\u7684\u620f\u5267\u6027\u8f6c\u6298\uff0c\u4f7f\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u6768\u674f\u4f5b\u8bc4\u4ef7\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u6709\u4e86\u66f4\u6df1\u7684\u7406\u89e3\uff1a\u4ed6\u6240\u505a\u7684\uff0c\u7edd\u975e\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u201c\u4fe1\u606f\u4f20\u9012\u201d\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5728\u7279\u5b9a\u5386\u53f2\u73af\u5883\u4e0b\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u653f\u6cbb\u8868\u6001\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u8868\u6001\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6210\u672c\uff0c\u662f\u4ed6\u7528\u751f\u547d\u652f\u4ed8\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u7ed3\u8bba<\/p>\n

\u518d\u56de\u5230\u672c\u6587\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u8944\u67a3\u5b9c\u6839\u636e\u5730\u5728\u5168\u56fd\u516b\u5927\u6839\u636e\u5730\u4e2d\u4f4d\u5217\u7b2c\u4e09\uff0c\u5176\u6807\u51c6\u7a76\u7adf\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f<\/p>\n

\u672c\u6587\u63a8\u6f14\u51fa\u4e09\u91cd\u6807\u51c6\uff1a\u89c4\u6a21\u7684\u5c3a\u5ea6\uff082700\u5e73\u65b9\u516c\u91cc\u300140\u4e07\u4eba\u53e3\uff09\u3001\u519b\u4e8b\u7684\u5c3a\u5ea6\uff08\u6b63\u89c4\u7ea2\u519b\u90e8\u961f\u7684\u521b\u5efa\u4e0e\u6218\u6597\u529b\uff09\u3001\u6218\u7565\u7684\u5c3a\u5ea6\uff08\u8fde\u63a5\u6e58\u9102\u897f\u4e0e\u9102\u8c6b\u7696\u7684\u67a2\u7ebd\u5730\u4f4d\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u4e09\u91cd\u6807\u51c6\u53e0\u52a0\uff0c\u4f7f\u8944\u67a3\u5b9c\u6839\u636e\u5730\u5728\u5f53\u65f6\u5404\u82cf\u533a\u7684\u7248\u56fe\u4e2d\u786e\u5b9e\u5177\u6709\u4e86\u201c\u7b2c\u4e09\u201d\u7684\u5ba2\u89c2\u6761\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6768\u674f\u4f5b\u7684\u8bba\u65ad\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u53cc\u91cd\u5f71\u54cd\uff1a\u5728\u56fd\u5185\uff0c\u5b83\u4ee5\u5916\u90e8\u5ba2\u89c2\u8005\u7684\u59ff\u6001\u6253\u7834\u4e86\u56fd\u6c11\u515a\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u5784\u65ad\uff0c\u589e\u5f3a\u4e86\u4e2d\u5171\u82cf\u533a\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u5408\u6cd5\u6027\uff1b\u5728\u56fd\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u5b83\u9996\u6b21\u5411\u4e16\u754c\u5ba2\u89c2\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86\u4e2d\u56fd\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u548c\u7ea2\u519b\u7684\u771f\u5b9e\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e2d\u56fd\u9769\u547d\u4e89\u53d6\u4e86\u56fd\u9645\u8206\u8bba\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u9102\u8c6b\u8fb9\u82cf\u533a\u4ece\u8f89\u714c\u5230\u4f4e\u843d\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u8f68\u8ff9\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e2d\u56fd\u9769\u547d\u53f2\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u6761\u503c\u5f97\u53cd\u590d\u5480\u56bc\u7684\u547d\u9898\uff1a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6839\u636e\u5730\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u4ece\u6765\u4e0d\u662f\u7531\u5355\u4e00\u56e0\u7d20\u51b3\u5b9a\u7684\uff0c\u5b83\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u81ea\u8eab\u5b9e\u529b\uff0c\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u5916\u90e8\u8bc4\u4ef7\uff0c\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u4e2d\u592e\u91cd\u89c6\uff0c\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u5e72\u90e8\u7d20\u8d28\uff0c\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u6218\u7565\u673a\u9047\uff0c\u4e5f\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u5386\u53f2\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4e2d\u90a3\u4e9b\u65e0\u6cd5\u9884\u6599\u7684\u5076\u7136\u4e0e\u5fc5\u7136\u3002\u6768\u674f\u4f5b\u7684\u8bba\u65ad\u5982\u540c\u6295\u5411\u5386\u53f2\u6e56\u9762\u7684\u4e00\u9897\u77f3\u5b50\uff0c\u6fc0\u8d77\u7684\u6d9f\u6f2a\u65e2\u6620\u7167\u51fa\u9769\u547d\u4e0e\u53cd\u9769\u547d\u529b\u91cf\u7684\u6fc0\u70c8\u535a\u5f08\uff0c\u4e5f\u6298\u5c04\u51fa\u8bc4\u4ef7\u3001\u8d44\u6e90\u4e0e\u547d\u8fd0\u4e4b\u95f4\u9519\u7efc\u590d\u6742\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u4f53\u7cfb\u3002\u8944\u67a3\u5b9c\u6839\u636e\u5730\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e0d\u4ec5\u662f\u4e00\u6bb5\u5730\u65b9\u9769\u547d\u53f2\uff0c\u66f4\u662f\u4e00\u90e8\u5173\u4e8e\u8bc4\u4ef7\u5982\u4f55\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u884c\u52a8\u3001\u884c\u52a8\u5982\u4f55\u5851\u9020\u547d\u8fd0\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u5386\u53f2\u5bd3\u8a00\u3002<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e<\/p>\n

[1] \u00a0[M]\/\/\u90dd\u656c\u4e1c.\u300a\u5efa\u515a\u767e\u5e74\u8944\u9633\u5927\u4e8b\u7eaa\u5b9e\u300b.\u4e0a\u6d77:\u6587\u6c47\u51fa\u7248\u793e,2021.<\/p>\n

[2] \u300a\u9102\u8c6b\u8fb9\u9769\u547d\u53f2\u300b[M]\/\/\u4e2d\u5171\u6cb3\u5357\u7701\u59d4\u515a\u53f2\u5de5\u4f5c\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a.\u6cb3\u5357\u4eba\u6c11\u51fa\u7248\u793e.1993.3<\/p>\n

[3]\u6768\u674f\u4f5b[EB\/OL]. \u767e\u5ea6\u767e\u79d1, 2023-07-17.<\/p>\n

[4] \u4f59\u4f2f\u6d41,\u4f55\u53cb\u826f.\u4e2d\u56fd\u82cf\u533a\u53f2[M].\u5357\u660c:\u6c5f\u897f\u4eba\u6c11\u51fa\u7248\u793e,2011.<\/p>\n

[5] \u5f20\u749e. \u4ece\u9102\u8c6b\u8fb9\u4e34\u65f6\u7701\u59d4\u673a\u5173\u9a7b\u5730\u770b\u5b9c\u57ce\u82cf\u533a\u5728\u9102\u8c6b\u8fb9\u571f\u5730\u9769\u547d\u4e2d\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u548c\u4f5c\u7528[EB\/OL]. 2026-05-06.<\/p>\n

[6] \u300a\u6e56\u5317\u65b0\u6c11\u4e3b\u9769\u547d\u53f2\u300b[M].\u66fe\u6210\u8d35 \u5f90\u51ef\u5e0c\uff08\u6e56\u5357\u4eba\u6c11\u51fa\u7248\u793e1989\u5e74\u51fa\u7248\uff09<\/p>\n

[7]\u300a\u6768\u674f\u4f5b\u4f20\u300b[M].\u6a1f\u6811\u5e02\u515a\u53f2\u5de5\u4f5c\u529e\u516c\u5ba4 \u8d63\u51fa\u5185\u56fe\u5b57\uff081994\uff09\u7b2c12\u53f7<\/p>\n

[8]\u300a\u90d1\u6587\u5173\u4e8e\u9102\u8c6b\u8fb9\u515a\u548c\u7ea2\u519b\u60c5\u51b5\u7ed9\u4e2d\u592e\u7684\u62a5\u544a\u300b1932.7.1<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u4f5c\u8005\u7b80\u4ecb\uff1a<\/p>\n

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